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What is UDP (User Datagram Protocol)?1) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol, which means UDP is not a reliable protocol when compared with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is capable of performing fundamental error checking The UDP header includes a checksum field that the destination device can use to check the integrity of the data 3) User Datagram Protocol (UDPUDP Header Format In UDP, the header size is 8 bytes, and the packet size is upto 65,535 bytes But this packet size is not possible as the data needs to be encapsulated in the IP datagram, and an IP packet, the header size can be bytes;

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Ip udp header- I tend to break a Wireshark capture down and try to correlate that to the three most relevant layers and their headers L2L4 Ethernet II – Layer 2 IP Header – Layer 3 TCP Header Layer 4 I left out UDP since connectionless headers are quite simpler, eg Source Port, Destination Port, Length and Checksum Figure 1IP Packet Header • Source and Destination IP Addresses – Strings of 32 ones and zeros Total Length in bytes (16) Time to Live (8) Options (if any) Bit 0 Bit 31 Version (4) Hdr Len (4) TOS (8) Identification (16 bits) Flags (3) Fragment Offset (13) Source IP Address Destination IP Address Protocol (8) Header Checksum (16)

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/* udp checksum */ };The protocol is that for UDP (see List of IP protocol numbers) 17 (0x11) The UDP length field is the length of the UDP header and data The field data stands for the transmitted data UDP checksum computation is optional for IPv4 If a checksum is not used it should be set to the value zero IPv6 Pseudo Header When UDP runs over IPv6, the The UDP checksum is computed by including the above 'pseudo header' plus the total UDP packet including the 'real' UDP header Checksum is IP one's complement standard (RFCs 1141 and 1624) TCP Header

 Like for other transport protocols, the UDP header and data are not processed by Intermediate Systems (IS) in the network, and are delivered to the final destination in the same form as originally transmitted At the final destination, the UDP protocol layer receives packets from the IP network layerStruct { u_int16_t source;/* source port */ u_int16_t uh_dport;

 UDP Header – UDP header is 8bytes fixed and simple header, while for TCP it may vary from bytes to 60 bytes First 8 Bytes contains all necessary header information and remaining part consist of data UDP port number fields are each 16 bits long, therefore range for port numbers defined from 0 to ;UDP/IP vs TCP/IP Welcome to the end map lesson on I, P, T, C, P, U, T P and ICMP headers This lesson is simply a brief overview of the most important TCP I be protocols you need to understand when composing and map scans My main objective will be to help you to understand the difference between if you walk away

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IP Header 32bit sour ce IP addr ess 32bit destination IP addr ess options (if any) data 4bit version 4bit header TO length 16 8bit type of service (S) 16bit total length (in bytes)bit identi fi cation 0 D F 8 M F bit header checksum 13bit fragment of fset 8bit time to live (TTL)bit pr otocol 16 bytes UDP Header data (if any) 16 We examine the structure of the UDP header, the protocols that use UDP as a transport plus a lot more Some common protocols which use UDP are DNS, TFTP, ARP, RARP and SNMP When people refer to "TCP/IP" remember that they are talking about a suite of protocols, and not just one (as most people think) TCP/IP is NOT one protocol UDP header is an 8bytes fixed and simple header The first 8 Bytes contains all necessary header information and the remaining part consist of data UDP port number fields are each 16 bits long, therefore the range for port numbers defined from 0

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 The UDP header itself specifies only the protocol port number Thus, to verify the destination, UDP on the sending machine computes a checksum that covers the destination IP address as well as the UDP datagram The pseudoheader is not transmitted with the UDP datagram, nor is it included in the length"TCP/IP Header Let's look at the IP portion first, since this is the lowest layer of the network model The IP protocol header contains the delivery address for the packet and its sender Since each address is 32 bits (4 octets of 8 bits each), the source and destination IP address takes up 8 bytes The first part of the header contains variousWhen used, the checksum is computed over both the real header and a "pseudo header" of fields from the UDP and IP headers, in a manner very similar to how the TCP checksum is calculated

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The UDP datagram header consists of 4 fields, each of which is 2 bytes (16 bits) The data section follows the header and is the payload data carried for the application How is UDP header length calculated? What is UDP header size?TCP/IP Fingerprinting Methods Supported by Nmap Nmap OS fingerprinting works by sending up to 16 TCP, UDP, and ICMP probes to known open and closed ports of the target machine These probes are specially designed to exploit various ambiguities in the standard protocol RFCs Then Nmap listens for responses

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The original UDP datagram included 2992 bytes of application (UDP payload) data and 8 bytes of UDP header, resulting in an IPv4 Total Length field value of 30 bytes (IP header is byte) When this datagram was fragmented into three packets, 40 extra bytes were created ( bytes for each of the newly created IPv4 fragment headers) One possible UDP/IP interface would return the whole internet datagram including all of the internet header in response to a receive operation Such an interface would also allow the UDP to pass a full internet datagram complete with header to the IP to send Key points TCP uses segmentation while UDP does not Both protocols use different types of header to pack the data for transmission UDP header contains information only about the compulsory functions and it is 8 bytes in the length TCP header contains information for both compulsory and optional functions

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Key Concept UDP packages application layer data into a very simple message format that includes only four header fields One of these is an optional checksum field;UDP pseudo header UDP uses a concept called as "pseudo header" Pseudo header helps to find transfer bit errors and also to protect against other types of network errors like the possibility of IP datagram reaching a wrong host Below image contains the UDP header format From the TCP or UDP point of view, the TCP packet does not contain IP addresses Thus, to do a proper checksum, a "pseudoheader" is included It's "pseudo", because it is not actually part of the TCP/UDP datagram It contains the most important parts of the IP header, that is, source and destination address, protocol number and data length

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The IP header is located just after the MAC header We will extract the IP source and destination addresses from the IP header Reaching the UDP header is a bit more complicated, because the IP header doesn't have a fixed length Therefore, we use the IP header's length field to know its size Once we know the location of the UDP header, we The method sums the pseudo TCP header first, then the IP payload, which is the TCP segment It also pads the last byte if there're odd number of bytes For detailed description of the algorithm, please refer to comments in the code and part 1 UDP Header Checksum Calculation Implementation To calculate the UDP checksum, one can follow the The need for header compression In streaming applications, the overhead of IP, UDP, and RTP is 40 bytes for IPv4, or 60 bytes for IPv6For VoIP, this corresponds to around 60% of the total amount of data sentSuch large overheads may be tolerable in local wired links where capacity is often not an issue, but are excessive for wide area networks and wireless systems where

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This includes ip header, icmp or tcp or udp header and payload size in bytes The maximum length could be specified by this field is 65,535 bytes Typically, hosts are prepared to accept datagrams up to 576 bytes (whether they arrive whole or in fragments)/* udp length */ u_int16_t uh_sum;The UDP header has four parts, each of two bytes That means we get the following interpretation of the header

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IP_HDRINCL (since Linux ) If enabled, the user supplies an IP header in front of the user data Valid only for SOCK_RAW sockets; /* UDP header as specified by RFC 768, August 1980 */ struct udphdr { __extension__ union { struct { u_int16_t uh_sport;Port number 0 is reserved

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The length in bytes of the UDP header and the encapsulated data The minimum value for this field is 8 Checksum 16 bits Computed as the 16bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP header, and the data, padded as needed with zero bytes at the end to make a multiple of two/* destination port */ u_int16_t uh_ulen;Explain IP, TCP and UDP TCP – Transmission control Protocol is used to establish communication between nodes or networks and exchange data packets It guarantees delivery of data packets in the order they were sent Hence it is most commonly used in all applications that require guaranteed delivery of data

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 UDP Protocol is the simplest Transport Layer Protocol UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol UDP Header consists of 4 fields UDP Header Format is shown UDP header size is 8 bytes UDP Checksum calculation is not mandatory UDP Header Structure While the TCP header may vary from bytes to 50 bytes, the UDP header is fixed at 8bytes The first 8bytes contain all necessary header information, and the remaining part consists of data The range for port numbers is defined from 0 to as the UDP port number fields are each 16 bits longTherefore, the maximum of UDP

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See raw(7) for more information When this flag is enabled, the values set by IP_OPTIONS , IP_TTL , and IP_TOS are ignoredPage 2 Postel RFC 768 User Datagram Protocol IP Interface IP Interface The UDP module must be able to determine the source and destination internet addresses and the protocol field from the internet header One possible UDP/IP interface would return the whole internet datagram including all of the internet header in response Psuedo header consists of the following things from the IP header Source Address(IP) Destination Address(IP) Protocol Header(Like weather its TCP, or UDP or ICMP etc) length(TCP/UDP) Reserved 8 Bit The whole content of pseudo header is about 12 bytes(32 bit source address 32 bit destination address 8 bit reserved 16 bit tcp length 8

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Microchip TCP/IP Stack Documentation UDP_HEADER Structure Microchip TCP/IP StackThe UDP header is quite a bit simpler than the IP header It is only 8 bytes long and contains only four fields, as shown in Figure 113 The first two fields are the source and destination port numbers They are 16 bits each The third field is the UDP length, which is the length, in bytes, of the UDP header and data

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